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21/09/2010
The origins of abc
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WHERE DOES OUR ALPHABET COME FROM?
We see it every day on signs, billboards, packaging, in books and magazines; in fact, you are looking at it now — the Latin or Roman alphabet, the world’s most prolific, most widespread abc. Typography is a relatively recent invention, but to unearth the origins of alphabets, we will need to travel much farther back in time, to an era contemporaneous with the emergence of (agricultural) civilisation itself.
Robert Bringhurst wrote that writing is the solid form of language, the precipitate.[1] But writing is also much more than that, and its origins, its evolution, and the way it is now woven into the fabric of civilisations makes it a truly wonderful story. That story spans some 5,000 years. We’ll travel vast distances, meet an emperor, a clever Yorkshireman, a Phoenician princess by the name of Jezebel, and the ‘purple people’; we’ll march across deserts and fertile plains, and sail across oceans. We will begin where civilisation began, meander through the Middle Ages, race through the Renaissance, and in doing so discover where our alphabet originated, how and why it evolved, and why, for example, an A looks, well, like an A.
SUMER
Cuneiform
The Sumerians began to experiment with writing at the close of the fourth millennium BC, in Mesopotamia between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates (roughly modern-day Iraq). Like most writing systems, Cuneiform, initially scratched — later impressed by a stylus — into soft clay, started out as a series of pictograms — pictures representing words. The word for bird, for example, existed at first as a simple pictorial representation of a bird. The figure below demonstrates this process of abstraction or rationalization. In time, the pictures of things came to represent, not only things but, sounds. It is clear that a written language with signs that represent sounds requires fewer characters than a language in which a sign stands for a thing or an idea. We use 26 letters (and the Romans used only 23 to create some of the most outstanding literature the world has ever known) while the Chinese, for example, have to learn thousands of characters to express themselves. Even early cuneiform comprised some 1,500 pictograms. A language in which a picture or grapheme represents a thing or an idea has its advantages: people may speak any language while the written form stays the same. So a Chinese from the Southern provinces can speak a totally different dialect than his compatriot in Beijing, who would not understand him when he speaks, but can read what he writes. [Ler mais...]
1.1 The pictographic origin of Cuneiform.
fonte: http://ilovetypography.com/2010/08/07/where-does-the-alphabet-come-from/
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WHERE DOES OUR ALPHABET COME FROM?
We see it every day on signs, billboards, packaging, in books and magazines; in fact, you are looking at it now — the Latin or Roman alphabet, the world’s most prolific, most widespread abc. Typography is a relatively recent invention, but to unearth the origins of alphabets, we will need to travel much farther back in time, to an era contemporaneous with the emergence of (agricultural) civilisation itself.
Robert Bringhurst wrote that writing is the solid form of language, the precipitate.[1] But writing is also much more than that, and its origins, its evolution, and the way it is now woven into the fabric of civilisations makes it a truly wonderful story. That story spans some 5,000 years. We’ll travel vast distances, meet an emperor, a clever Yorkshireman, a Phoenician princess by the name of Jezebel, and the ‘purple people’; we’ll march across deserts and fertile plains, and sail across oceans. We will begin where civilisation began, meander through the Middle Ages, race through the Renaissance, and in doing so discover where our alphabet originated, how and why it evolved, and why, for example, an A looks, well, like an A.
SUMER
Cuneiform
The Sumerians began to experiment with writing at the close of the fourth millennium BC, in Mesopotamia between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates (roughly modern-day Iraq). Like most writing systems, Cuneiform, initially scratched — later impressed by a stylus — into soft clay, started out as a series of pictograms — pictures representing words. The word for bird, for example, existed at first as a simple pictorial representation of a bird. The figure below demonstrates this process of abstraction or rationalization. In time, the pictures of things came to represent, not only things but, sounds. It is clear that a written language with signs that represent sounds requires fewer characters than a language in which a sign stands for a thing or an idea. We use 26 letters (and the Romans used only 23 to create some of the most outstanding literature the world has ever known) while the Chinese, for example, have to learn thousands of characters to express themselves. Even early cuneiform comprised some 1,500 pictograms. A language in which a picture or grapheme represents a thing or an idea has its advantages: people may speak any language while the written form stays the same. So a Chinese from the Southern provinces can speak a totally different dialect than his compatriot in Beijing, who would not understand him when he speaks, but can read what he writes. [Ler mais...]
1.1 The pictographic origin of Cuneiform.
fonte: http://ilovetypography.com/2010/08/07/where-does-the-alphabet-come-from/
…
16/03/2009
Designingwithtype.com
by James Craig
Designingwithtype.com is a web site devoted to the art and appreciation of typography. It offers a unique typographic resource for students, educators, and professionals, showcasing talent from around the world. [Ler mais...]
Designingwithtype.com is a web site devoted to the art and appreciation of typography. It offers a unique typographic resource for students, educators, and professionals, showcasing talent from around the world. [Ler mais...]
(...)
There are many excellent ways of teaching the history of graphic design. One of the better ways, though this is not always possible, is to integrate the history of graphic design with the other arts — painting, literature, music — and with major political and cultural events of the time. The following timelines are from James Craig's book Thirty Centuries of Graphic Design and cover just a few of the highlights between 30,000 BC and 1990 AD, the year book was published.
1000 BC – 500 AD
500 – 1300
1300 – 1400
1400 – 1500
1500 – 1600
1600 – 1700
1700 – 1800
1800 – 1900
1900 – 1920
1920 – 1940
1940 – 1960
1960 – 1990
[Ler mais...] > Timelines
(...)
Items of Interest
The following is an assortment of all things typographic. It will be of interest to anyone who loves typography and is curious about the history of graphic design and the evolution of the printed word.
1000 BC – 500 AD
500 – 1300
1300 – 1400
1400 – 1500
1500 – 1600
1600 – 1700
1700 – 1800
1800 – 1900
1900 – 1920
1920 – 1940
1940 – 1960
1960 – 1990
(...)
Prehistoric Pictograph
Cuneiform, ca 3100 B.C.
Egyptian Hieroglyphics
Early Latin. ca.700 B.C.
Ionic Greek adopted in 403 B.C.
Trajan Inscription A.D. 114
(...)
Items of Interest
The following is an assortment of all things typographic. It will be of interest to anyone who loves typography and is curious about the history of graphic design and the evolution of the printed word.
…
29/01/2009
Jorge Bacelar _livros e artigos.pdf
Livros Labcom
bocc
Biblioteca On-line de Ciências da Comunicação
Apontamentos sobre a história e desenvolvimento da impressão
[ PDF 29 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1999
Designarcisismo
[ PDF 21 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1999
Elegia ao papel
[ PDF 13 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1999
Linguagem da visão
[ PDF 85 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1998
Notas sobre a mais velha arte do mundo
[ PDF 35 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 2002
O círculo (quase) fechado
[ PDF 14 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1999
Biblioteca On-line de Ciências da Comunicação
Apontamentos sobre a história e desenvolvimento da impressão
[ PDF 29 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1999
Designarcisismo
[ PDF 21 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1999
Elegia ao papel
[ PDF 13 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1999
Linguagem da visão
[ PDF 85 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1998
Notas sobre a mais velha arte do mundo
[ PDF 35 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 2002
O círculo (quase) fechado
[ PDF 14 KB ] - Jorge Bacelar, 1999
17/12/2008
A Number of Numbers _by Pentagram
The Burmese system uses lines once written on palm leaves.
Each year Pentagram issues a small holiday book as a greeting to its friends, clients and colleagues. The partners take turns researching and designing these books, which usually contain some kind of game or activity. This year’s book, A Number of Numbers, has been designed by Michael Gericke and his team. Numbers are an especially timely subject, given their importance in recent world events and for the ways they connect us now more than ever. The book features seven numerical systems, from simple tallying to the Burmese system, seen above.
We have adapted the book’s content online and are pleased to present the minisite here. Do you have a head for numbers?
Go to the A Number of Numbers site
Publications, Recent Work, New York, Michael Gericke
12 / 17 / 2008 | Permalink
06/11/2008
Typography _Classical_Contemporary _timeline
This is typoGRAPHIC, an interactive experience informed by type and typography. It aims to illustrate the depth and import of type, and to raise relevant questions about how typography is treated in the digital media, specifically online. A continuous work in progress, we welcome any suggestions and comments concerning the site.
16/01/2007
Origens da tipografia
Harry Carter: Orígenes de la tipografía
Punzones, matrices y tipos de imprenta (siglos XV y XVI)
Andreu Balius
Hace tiempo que tengo el estante de la mesilla de noche repleto de libros y revistas que nunca acabo de leer. Bueno, en algunos casos consigo terminar algún artículo o algún texto que capta mi interés. Algunos libros que colecciono temporalmente junto a mi cama me ayudan a conciliar el sueño. Son esos tochos aburridos que funcionan más saludablemente que cualquier fármaco de uso legal. Otros, son aquellos que te hacen soñar despierto. Esos que te ayudan a penetrar en un mundo de ficción -o no- hasta que te pierdes entre los entresijos de una buena historia.
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